Mare Reproductive Evaluation

The process of a mare reproductive evaluation at the Louisiana Center for Equine Reproduction typically involves the following steps:

1. Recording a thorough and detailed history: The evaluation begins with the collection of a comprehensive history of the mare, including her reproductive history, previous foalings, any past reproductive issues, breeding history, and relevant medical information. This information provides valuable insights into the mare's reproductive health and guides the subsequent examination.

2. Overall physical examination: A thorough physical examination of the mare is conducted to assess her general health and identify any potential health issues that may affect her reproductive function. This examination includes evaluating body condition, vital signs, general conformation, and overall well-being.

3. Detailed examination of the reproductive tract: The reproductive tract of the mare is meticulously examined. This involves visual inspection of the external genitalia, assessment of perineal conformation and health, and careful examination of the vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries. Any abnormalities or signs of inflammation, infection, or structural issues are noted.

4. Rectal palpation: Rectal palpation is performed to assess the size, shape, and consistency of the reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, and uterine horns. This examination helps detect abnormalities such as cysts, tumors, or adhesions that may affect reproductive function.

5. Ultrasound of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries: Ultrasonography is used to obtain detailed images of the mare's reproductive tract. This non-invasive technique allows visualization of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries, helping to identify any abnormalities such as cysts, uterine fluid, tumors, or follicular activity.

6. Vaginal examination: A thorough examination of the vaginal walls is conducted to assess the health and condition of the vaginal mucosa. Any abnormalities, lesions, or signs of infection are noted and addressed.

7. Uterine culture and cytology: A uterine culture is performed to collect samples of uterine fluid and evaluate the presence of bacteria or other microorganisms. Cytology involves examining the cells obtained from the uterus for signs of infection, inflammation, or abnormal cellular changes.

8. Uterine endometrial biopsy: In some cases, a uterine endometrial biopsy may be recommended to evaluate the histological condition of the uterine lining. This procedure involves collecting a small sample of the uterine tissue for microscopic examination. It provides valuable information about the mare's uterine health, inflammation, fibrosis, or other pathological changes that may affect fertility.

By conducting a thorough mare reproductive evaluation that includes recording a detailed history, performing a physical examination, assessing the reproductive tract, evaluating perineal conformation, conducting rectal palpation, ultrasound examinations, vaginal examinations, uterine cultures and cytology, and possibly uterine endometrial biopsy, Dr. Cramer's team can gather comprehensive information about the mare's reproductive health and identify any issues that may impact her ability to conceive, carry a pregnancy, or deliver a healthy foal. This thorough evaluation allows for targeted treatment and management strategies to optimize reproductive success.